Subject matter experts in IT companies had the same problem. They were the experts but had no idea how to teach.
Leaders train and develop their teams. The team delivers better results. Parents teach and bring up their children. Hopefully, they lead more fulfilling lives.
Teaching is a key leadership skill. It can be taught.
Teaching ranges from a five-minute session on how to do something to delivering a doctoral-level course.
The shortest lesson and the longest course have certain things in common.
Aims
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Any unit of instruction needs a clear and precise aim.
Aims are best defined using “can-do” statements. They say: “By the end of this lesson/course, a participant can...”
You will have to ask yourself “What does 'can do X' mean?”
Your aim may be more complex than you thought. Instead of one lesson, you may need a course with multiple lessons and multiple aims.
Assumed/Required Knowledge
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There’s nothing worse than teaching people what they know already. However, your training session will collapse if your trainees do not know the minimum required to understand your content.
Define what they need to know before they start. Ask yourself if your trainees have this knowledge.
Look at your aims and ask yourself what they need to know. If you are teaching someone to create and use formulae in spreadsheets, your trainees will need to know basic arithmetic.
If you are training people to play their part in a process, they will need to know something about the whole process. They will understand the importance of what they are doing and why they have to do it in a certain way. Without this, they have no reason to try and do it properly.
Structure
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A good training session needs “inputs” and “outputs.” A typical “death by PowerPoint” session is all inputs and no outputs. At most, trainees will remember five percent of it.
As a bare minimum, a training session should include the following:
- A "Lead In”: The simplest is to tell participants what the session is about. You can also ask them what they already know about the topic, and what they want to learn. This way, you find out their expectations.
- Input: An input session should be no longer than 20 minutes. That is the average human concentration span. For teenagers, even that can be a stretch. Active learning is better than passive learning. Consider using exercises where participants match rules to examples. When going through the answers, you explain the key concepts.
- Output: This is the part most “trainers” forget! “Output" is an exercise or a test to see how much trainees have understood. Output activities may involve simulation exercises, role plays, or practical exercises. Trainees get the chance to “play” with their newfound knowledge in a realistic scenario. “Playing” is often very important to help trainees understand how to use what they have learned.
Delivery/Interaction With Trainees
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Successful training is never one way. You adapt to the trainees. You need to watch how your trainees react to the content.
My philosophy is if my trainees don’t understand anything, it’s not their fault; it’s my fault. If they don’t understand, I haven’t done my job properly. This is an important mindset.
Frequent changes of activity are recommended to keep your trainees’ attention. Pair and group activities are also recommended. Trainees engage more actively with the content if they are working with another person than they do in a question-and-answer session with the trainer.
Trainees need frequent opportunities to ask questions. Trainees may not want to ask questions in front of the class, so you can stimulate questions by asking a few of your own. This is where concept-checking questions come in handy. They can often be “What happens if…?” or “Why do we …?" questions.
Evaluating Learning
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Without evaluation, we do not know how successful our training is.
Many training courses limit their evaluation to a feedback form where trainees express their satisfaction. That does not tell us how well they understand and can use their newfound knowledge.
Where a training session contains an output activity, the simplest form of assessment is to see how well they complete the activity.
Other evaluations can include tests and quizzes. These can be gamified to make them entertaining rather than intimidating.
Looking beyond the end of the course, you can also ask trainees’ managers how much trainees have improved their performance based on the training they have received.
Next Steps
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When you deliver your next training session or “knowledge transfer,” think about:
- What must your trainees be able to do?
- What do they need to know before they start? How do you know they have this knowledge?
- How are you going to deliver your content?
- How will you check your trainees’ understanding?
Once you’ve thought about these questions and delivered your training, get in touch with me and tell me how it went!
Further reading...
For more knowledge transfer techniques read:
